医学科研的基本要素.doc

医学科研的基本要素.doc医学科研的基本要素Methodologyofmedicalresearch-一basicelementsofmedicalresearchBasicelementsofmedicalresearchMedicalexperimentshavethreebasicelements:Subjects,subjectsandexperimentaleffects・:一一thefactorsthatareappliedtothesubjectandcausetheeffect・ThedeterminationofthesubjectV一一afactorthatisappliedtothesubjectbytheresearcherandproducesacertainexperimentaleffect・Physicalfactors:electricity,ism,light,sound,temperature,radiation,microwave,ultrasound,etc・Chemicalfactors:drugs,nutrients,hormones,poisons,pounds,etc・Biologicalfactors:parasites,fungi,bacteria,virusesandtheirbiologicalproducts・Certaincharacteristicsofthesubjectsthemselvesmayalsobestudiedassubjectssuchasgender,age,haracteristics,psychologicalfactors,etc・Forexample,thetopicoftherelationshipbetweenageandmortalityinpatientswithheartattacksThedeterminationofthesubjectThepersonidentifiedthemainsubjectofthetrialThechoiceofwhatisthesubjectoftrialdependsonthepurposeoftheexperiment・hefactorsofthetrialandthefactorsthatwerenotsubjecttothetestThefactorsassociatedwiththesubjectmatterarezznon-participants〃・Inthecaseofreaction,curativeeffect,diseaseandprognosis,e・Thisisthenon-testfactor・Indeterminingthesubjectofthetest,itmustalsobeclearwhichofthenon—testfactors・Tofactorsotherthantheparticipanlsshallbeusedasthesourceoferrorunderstrictcontrol,canreducethefactorsotherthantheparticipantsshouldreduceasfaraspossible,notreducefactorsotherthantheparticipantsshouldbekeptexperimentalgroupandcontrolgroupinthesame・ThechoiceoflevelTheeffectofthesubjectonthesubjectwasdependentonthelevelofthesubject・Ifyoutakethedrugasafactor,・Beingtoolargeafactor--maycausedamageorpoisoning;Thesubjectsweretoosmalltoobservetheeffect・Forexample,ifyoulookatanewdrugeffect,hedose-effectrelationship・Ifthereisnod