山西财经大学 语言学 重点.doc

语言学第八章给定对话,考生分析涉及什么语言学内容设定情景然后考生设定对话,Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X? (东北师范大学,2006) Pragmatics is the study of the use of language munication, particularly the relationships between sentences and the contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmaticsincludes the study of (1) How the interpretation and use of utterances depends on knowledge of the real world; (2) How speakers use and understand speech acts; (3) How the structure of sentences is influenced by the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Pragmatics is sometimes contrasted with semantics, which deals with meaning without reference to the users municative functions of sentences. 36. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. (南开大学,2004)A: When is the ing? B: There has been an accident further up the road. Yes, B is cooperative. On the face of it, B’s statementis not an answer to A’s question. B doesn’t , A will immediately interpret the statement asmeaning ---I don’t know or--I am not assume that B is being that B’sanswer contains relevant information, A can work out that an accident further up the road, con