专四语法总结.pptx

(2) 与always, constantly, continually, forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在出状态,往往带有说话人的感情色彩。
如:He is constantly leaving his things about. 他老是乱扔东西.
(3)在时间、条件从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
如:Don’t interrupt him if he is reading.
(4)表示将来时的还有: be about to / be to do / be on the point of等.
如:I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.
The road is to open to the public on October 1, 2004.
①"must + 完成式”表示过去必定发生过的事情,是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测。
②“should (或ought to) + 完成式”表示一个应该在过去做,而没有做的动作,它往往带有埋怨和后悔的情绪。
注:e, join, finish, marry, return等不能和表示延续的时间状语连用, 只能用系动词加表语结构来代替。
如: He has been back for over a week. (e back)
I have been in the army for three years. (不能用have joined)。
3. 现在完成时:
4. 现在完成进行时:
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去,通常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如: All the morning, for hours, since this morning…
They have been watching television for two hours.
He has been writing letters since this morning.
5. 过去完成时:
1) 过去完成时,表示在过去某—”过去的过去”.
常用的信号词有by(到……时候为止), before等介词短语或用unless, when, after, once, as soon as等连词引起的表示到过去某—时间为止的时间状语来表示.
2) 过去完成时常用在“no sooner…than”和“hardly…when (before)”等句型的主句中,从句中常用一般过去时。
如: By the end of last year, I had worked in this college for ten years.
No sooner had he finished his performance than the audience began to cheer. (=He had no sooner…than…) (他刚表演完,观众就喝彩)
语态注意事项:
7. 有些动词以主动形式出现,却有被动含义。
如:The knife cuts well.
Nylon underwear washes easily. 尼龙内衣容易洗
The novels written by the young man sell well. 那个年青人写的小说销路好
This ball-pen writes in four colours. 这支圆珠笔可以写出四种颜色
The note reads as follows”…”. 字条上写着:”……”
语态注意事项:
8. 短语动词构成的被动语态中,介词或副词不可省略。
如:More schools and hospitals will be set up in the near future.
The old woman has been operated on. (这位老妇人已经动过了手术)
The purse was picked up and handed to the police.
Ps:此外,固定搭配“动词+ 名词+ 介词****语中,介词也不能省掉。
如:Time must be made good use of.
Less clever children should not be made fun of.
语态注意事项:
9. 如果宾补是不带to的不定式,在被动态中,主补的不定式必须带to.
如:His parents make him study hard.
He is made to study hard.
10. 在want, need, desire, require