设计和使用查询表.pptx

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commonwaystogetinformation
literaturesearches
talkingwithpeople
focusgroups
personalinterviews
telephonesurveys
andmailsurveys.
AdvantagesofWrittenQuestionnaires
Questionnairesareverycosteffective
Questionnairesareeasytoanalyze
Questionnairesarefamiliartomostpeople
Questionnairesreducebias
Questionnairesarelessintrusivethantelephoneorface-to-facesurveys
DisadvantagesOfWrittenQuestionnaires
thepossibilityoflowresponserates
theinabilitytoproberesponses
Byallowingfrequentspaceforcomments,theresearchercanpartiallyovercomethisdisadvantage
Gesturesandothervisualcuesarenotavailablewithwrittenquestionnaires
therespondentmaynotbewhoyouthinkitis
questionnairesaresimplynotsuitedforsomepeople
SelectingYourSample
decidewhatkindofpeopletointerview.
AvoidaBiasedSample(English&non-Englishmajors)
decidehowmanypeopleyouneedtointerview
Quotas
AQuotaisasamplesizeforasub-group.
Forexample,menandwomenhavesomewhatdifferentopinionsinmanyareas.
QuestionnaireDesign-GeneralConsiderations
Well-definedgoalsarethebestwaytoassureagoodquestionnairedesign
Formulateaplanfordoingthestatisticalanalysisduringthedesignstageoftheproject
Includeotherexpertsandrelevantdecision-makersinthequestionnairedesignprocess
Useprofessionalproductionmethodsforthequestionnaire--eitherdesktoppublishingortypesettingandkeylining
QuestionnaireDesign-GeneralConsiderations
Maketheenvelopeunique
Provideawell-writtencoverletter
Provideincentivesasamotivationforaproperlycompletedquestionnaire.
Giveyourquestionnaireatitlethatisshortandmeaningfultotherespondent
Keepyourquestionnaireshort
Includeclearandconciseinstructionsonhowtocompletethequestionnaire
Ifaquestionnaireismorethanafewpagesandisheldtogetherbyastaple,includesomeidentifyingdataoneachpage
QuestionnaireDesign-GeneralConsiderations
Usesimpleanddirectlanguage
Makeitconvenient.
Alwaysconsiderthelayoutofyourquestionnaire.
Leaveadequatespaceforrespondentstomakecomments.
Leaveaspaceattheendofaquestionnaireentitled"OtherComments."
Trytokeepyouranswerspacesinastraightline,eitherhorizontallyorvertically.
.
QuestionnaireDesign-GeneralConsiderations
Beginwithafewnon-threateningandinterestingitems
Placethemostimportantitemsinthefirsthalfofthequestionnaire
Ifyouhaveusedaparticularscalebeforeandneedtocompareresults,usethesamescale.
Alwayspresentagree-disagreechoicesinthatorder.
Positivetonegativeandexcellenttopoorscalesshouldbepresentedinthoseorders.
Whenusingnumericratingscaleshighernumbersshouldmeanamorepositiveormoreagreeinganswer.
Thefinaltestofaquestionnaireistotryitonrepresentativesofthetargetaudience.
QuestionTypes