计算机科学导论课件.ppt

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1-1 What Is Computer Science?
1-2 Von Neumann Model
1-3 Computer Components
1-4 History and Development Trends
1- logical format. They are stored as binary 【二进制】 patterns in memory—a sequence of 0s and 1s. A program in the von Neumann model contains a finite number of instructions 【指令】 that are executed sequentially【按顺序执行】.
1-2 Von Neumann Model
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The bus 【总线】 is shared【共享】 between the program memory and data memory, leading to the von Neumann bottleneck【瓶颈】. It has often been considered an issue due to the limited throughput 【吞吐量】 between the central processing unit (CPU) 【中央处理单元（器）】 and memory, because of the single bus that can only access one of the two classes of memory at a time.

When the CPU is required to execute minimal processing on large amounts of data, it is forced to wait for needed data to be transferred to or from memory, which seriously limits the processing speed.
1-2 Von Neumann Model
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A computing system consists of hardware 【硬件】, software 【软件】, and data 【数据】.
Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer, such as a monitor 【显示器】, a graphic card 【显卡】, a hard disk drive (HDD) 【硬盘驱动器】, a sound card 【声卡】, memory, a motherboard 【主板】, a mouse 【鼠标】, a keyboard 【键盘】, and so on.
Computer software is a collection of computer programs, say, operation systems, procedures, and documentation.
Data are the distinct information with which a computer system deals.
1-3 Computer Components
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Computer hardware refers to the components that you can physically touch. There are many parts of computer hardware that can be installed inside, or connected to the outside, of a computer.
The external hardware includes a flat-panel 【平板显示器】, a printer 【打印机】, a projector 【投影仪】, a scanner 【扫描仪】, a speaker 【扬声器】, a keyboard, a mouse, a flash memory【闪存】, and so on.
The internal hardware includes CPU, a multi-core processor【多核处理器】, a motherboard, a network card 【网卡】, a modem 【调制解调器】, a sound card, a vi