合成香料技术手册(刘树文).pdf

A Visit to the Hmong of Asia: Globalization and Ethnicity at the Dawn of the 21 Century by Kou Yang, ., Hmong Studies Journal 9: 1-50. A Visit to the Hmong of Asia: Globalization a nd Ethnicity at the Dawn of the 21st Century By Kou Yang. . California State University, Stanislaus Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 9, 50 Pages Abstract This paper consists of observ ations made from my two and a half month visit to the Hmong in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and China. 1 As such, it contains two parts. The first part is my observation of the Hmong in Asia and their co mmon issues. The second part is a photo essay of the visit to the Hmong in Asia, covering issu es discussed in the paper. Although I did visit other subgroups of the Miao, such as the Hmu in Guizhou and Qo Xiong 2 in Hunan, this paper covers only the Hmong, whom I hope will be better presented and discussed as a result of my work. Moreover, the Hmong live in all the a bove mentioned countries, whereas other sub- groups of the Miao live only in China. This paper highlights the soci o-economic conditions and educational experiences of the Hmong in the above mentioned c ountries. It also covers my observations of Hmong civic engage ment and other aspects of their social and political lives in the respective countries. Introduction There were three objectives for my trip to visit the Hmong in Asia. The first objective was to learn more about Hmong women in leader ship with the goal of gaining insight into Hmong women with leadership positions in Asia and the United States of America, which is the focus of another research project I am involved with. The second objective was to learn more about the Hmong in Asia and their socio-econo mic and educational situations. The third objective was a personal one; to be tter understand my own heritage and the path of the migration of my ancestors from China to Southeast Asia. 3 This paper, however, will only cover the seco