药物过敏试验及过敏反应的处理PPT课件.ppt

药物过敏试验及过敏反应的处理 Medication allergy test and management of allergic reaction
Tracy Zhao
Content
Penicillin allergy test
Streptomycin allergy test
Tetanus allergy test
Cephalosporin allergy test
Iodine allergy test
Procaine allergy test
学****目标
掌握青霉素过敏试验方法、结果判断、过敏反应的临床表现、预防和急救处理原则。
掌握TAT脱敏注射法。
熟悉青霉素过敏反应的原因。
熟悉链霉素、破伤风抗***、普鲁卡因、碘过敏试验的方法及结果判断。
Case study:
One patient has got penicillin skin test 5min before , now he suddenly feels chest tightness, shortness of breath with pale, cold sweat, his blood pressure is at 10 / ( 75 / 52mmHg ), pulse is weak.
What is this phenomenon?
How do you manage it if you are a nurse on duty?.
Mnagement of Allergic shock
The most severe alergic reaction is also called anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
medicine.
% adrenaline (epinephrine ) via
subcutaneous injection.
inhalation.
- allergy
5. correction of acidosis.
blood volume.
.
observation of disease
The sooner that epinephrine is given, the greater the chance for survival
过敏反应的处理
过敏反应的处理
The treatment on anaphylactic shock must be prompt, grasp every minute and second, start rescue withou moving, adopt effective measures and close observation
Have the person lie flat, raise his feet , and cover him or her with a warm blanket. give oxygen
Give injection of % epinephrine ~ 1ml at once
If symptoms is not remission, give % epinephrine every half hour .
If cardiac arrest is occurred, start CPR immediately
肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克的首选药物,具有收缩血管、增加外周阻力、提升血压、兴奋心肌、增加心输出量以及松弛支气管平滑肌等作用
Give oxygen to improve hypoxia. conduct mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration if Respiratory arrest, give respiratory stimulant Nikethamide, lobeline
via intramuscular injection
asphyxia induced by Laryngeal edema , should perform endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy and connect artificial respiratoras soon as possible
Anti allergy treatment.
Give dexamethasone 5 ~ 10mg or hydrocortisone sodium inate 200 ~ 4