东盟-东南亚高等教育状况（英）-2023.2-65正式版.doc

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

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References
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ACRONYMS
ACD
AsiaCooperationDialogue
ACD-ACTS
AsianCreditTransferSystem
ADB
AsianDevelopmentBank
AIMS
ASEANInternationalMobilityforStudents
ASEAN
AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
ASED
ASEANEducationMinisters’Meeting
ASEM
Asia–EuropeMeeting
AUN
ASEANUniversityNetwork
AUN-ACTS
ASEANCreditTransferSystem
AUN-QA
ASEANUniversityNetwork–QualityAssurance
AUN-USR&R
ASEANUniversityNetwork-University’sSocialResponsibilityandSustainability
AWGHEM
ASEANWorkingGrouponHigherEducationMobility2025
CAFTA
China-ASEANFreeTradeArea
CLMV
Cambodia,LaoPDR,Myanmar,andVietNam
COVID-19
CoronavirusDisease
ECTS
EuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem
EU
EuropeanUnion
HigherEducationInstitutions
HEIs
IHE
InternationalHigherEducation
LLL
LifelongLearning
SEAMEO
SoutheastAsianMinistersofEducationOrganisation
SEAMEO-RIHED
SoutheastAsianMinistersofEducationOrganisationCentreSpecialisinginRegionalHigher
EducationDevelopment
STEM
Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics
TNHE
TransnationalHigherEducation
EU-SHARE
EuropeanUnionSupporttoHigherEducationintheASEANRegion
UIS
UNESCOInstituteofStatistics
UMAP
UniversityMobilityinAsiaandthePacific
UN
UnitedNations
UNESCO
UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganisation
VE/COIL
VirtualExchange/CollaborativeOnlineInternationalLearning
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LISTOFFIGURESANDTABLES
Figure1 TheLiteratureSelectionProcess
Figure2Regionalgrossenrolmentratio(%)forSoutheastAsia,1980-2017(UIS)
Figure3HighereducationattendanceinCambodia,Myanmar,Thailand,andVietNam(UNESCOWIDE)
Figure4 TertiarycompletionratesinCambodiaandThailand(UNESCOWIDE)
Figure5NumberofonlineeducationusersintheSoutheastAsiandigitalmarket(Statista,2022)
Figure6Populationages15-64,%ofthetotalpopulation(WorldBank)
Table1TheStudy’sInclusionandExclusionCriteriaTable2MappingofGreyLiterature
Table3 Grossenrolmentratios(%)fortertiaryeducation,bycountry(UIS)
Table4 Percentageofenrolmentintertiaryeducationinprivateinstitutions(UIS)
Table5 NumberofpublicandprivateHEIsamongASEANMemberStates(Athertonetal.,2018)
Table6 Technologytrendsoverthenext10years(ASEANDigitalMasterplan)
Table7 Populationaged15-24yearsinthousands(UIS)
Table8 PercentageofgraduatesfromSTEMprogrammesintertiaryeducation,bothsexes(UIS)
Table9 HigherEducationInternationalisationTrendsinASEAN(Khalidetal.,2019)
Table10 TotalStudentsAbroadandTopDestinationsamongASEANOutboundStudents,2019(UIS)
Table11 Intra-ASEANHigherEducationMobility,2019(UIS)
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INTRODUCTION
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SoutheastAsia,aregioncomposedof11nations,(ASEAN)andTimorLeste,thelonenon-,thetotalestimatedpopulationoftheASEANstoodat661,826,000ofwhich45%%intheirproductiveyears(20to54yearsagegroup)-linguisticgroupsandishometopeoplesofvariousreligiousbackgroundsincludingChristianity,Islam,andBuddhism.
WithacombinedeconomicoutputofclosetoUSD3trillionin2020,,therearethehigh--middle-,thePhilippines,VietNam,LaoPDR,Cambodia,andMyanmarareconsideredlower-middle-,,harmoniousandequitablecommunitywithasinglemarketthatisfullyintegratedintotheglobaleconomy.
OneoftheareasthatisseentofacilitateASEANintegrationishighereducation,-culturalCommunityBlueprint2025advocatesthepromotionof“aninnovativeASEANapproachtohighereducation”whichwill“promotegreaterpeople-to-peopleinteractionandmobilitywithinandoutsideASEAN”leadingto“thefreeflowofideas,knowledge,expertise,andskillstoinjectdynamismwithintheregion.”Yetatthesametime,theburgeoninghighereducationsystemscontinuetobeconfrontedwithseveralchallengesamidstthechangingpolitical,economicandsocio-,,theASEANacknowledgedthecriticalroleofhighereducationinacceleratingtheregion'sdevelopmentagenda.
basedonthe2022countryclassificationbyincomelevel
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,thereareanumberoforganisationsthatareactiveinthedevelopmentofanASEANhighereducationcommunity,includingTheASEANSecretariat’sEducation,Youth,andSportsDivision;theASEANUniversityNetwork(AUN),andtheSoutheastAsianMinistersofEducationOrganizationRegionalCentreforHigherEducationandDevelopment(SEAMEO-RIHED),,inclusion,-readyeducationatbasicandhighereducationlevelsandtechnicalandvocationaleducationandtraining;ensuringinclusiveeducation;buildingthecapacityofeducationpersonnel;,asanASEANSectoralMinisterialBody,aidsinthedevelopmentofaregionalidentitywhilecreatingaplatformtoallowtheregion’,SEAMEO-RIHEDfacilitatescooperationamongitsmembercountriesbyprovidingformalpolicyplatformsforgovernments,policymakers,,andlargelyinlightoftheeffectsoftheCOVID-19pandemiconhighereducation,SEAMEO-RIHEDhasshifteditsfocustowardsenhancinghighereducationforthesustainablefutureoftheregion.
TotheextentthathighereducationplaysapartinthedevelopmentofASEAN,policymakersandotherstakeholdersmustbeinformedaboutrecenttrendsandissuesinordertoactresponsivelytotheregion’-PacificBureauforEducationandSEAMEO-RIHED’s“HigherEducationinSouth-EastAsia”report(2006)andtheAsianDevelopmentBank’s“HigherEducationAcrossAsia:AnOverviewofIssuesandStrategies”report(2011).
Thisstudysoughttoanswerthequestion,“WhatisthestateofplayofhighereducationinSoutheastAsia?”.Tothisend,theresearchteamconductedasystematisedreviewofliteraturewhichexaminedthefollowingdimensionsofhighereducationintheregion:
Recentdevelopments,plannedinitiatives,andkeyissuestobeaddressed;
Challengesandopportunitiesattheregionalandnationallevelsonspecificthematicissues;and
Issuesandthemesshouldbefurtheraddressedbypolicydevelopment,reforms,andresearch.
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Thisreportusesthebroadergeographicalterm,SoutheastAsia,,ASEANmayalsobeusedespeciallywhenreferencingpolicies,documents,,thetermsSoutheastAsiaandASEANmaybeusedinterchangeablythroughoutthereport.
:Access,Equality,Diversity,andInclusion;RelevancetotheChangingWorldofWork;Internationalisation;Regionalisation;,theConclusionsandRecommendationssectionoutlinespolicyandknowledgegapsthatshouldbeaddressedbyhighereducationpolicydevelopment,reforms,andfutureresearchinSoutheastAsia.
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