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2016年考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版.pdf


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2016年考研英语一真题及答案
解析-完整版
D
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1.[A]bywayof[B]onbehalfof[C]aswellas[D]withregardto
2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon
3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone
4.[A]Aboveall[B]Intheory[C]Intime[D]Forexample
5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless
6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through
7.[A]since[B]but[C]or[D]so
8.[A]copy[B]test[C]recite[D]create
9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying
10.[A]passing[B]lighting[C]hiding[D]serving
11.[A]meeting[B]collection[C]association[D]union
12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live
13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]if[D]for
14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid
15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed
16.[A]whatever[B]however[C]whenever[D]wherever
17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed
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18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided
19.[A]breaks[B]warms[C]shows[D]clears
20.[A]sothat[B]while[C]once[D]inthat
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
A,B,.(40points)
Text1
France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhas

approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.
Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromoting
extremedieting.

’-thinmodelsseemsto
gobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath—
fashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenage
girls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.
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Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotlet
,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto
intangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroor
wasp-waistphysiques.
TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstill
regardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-,usingafashionmodelthatdoes
notmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonths
inprison.
Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentand
,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtoset
voluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor
enforcement.
IncontrasttoFrance’sactions,Denmark’sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand
sanctionsregardingtheage,health,
FashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfortheimpactthe
fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.”Thecharter’smaintoolof
enforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashion
Week,-and-shame
methodofcompliance.
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Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethe

ofaparticularindustry.
,whatwouldhappeninFrance?
[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.
[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.
[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.
[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.
“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]heighteningthevalueof.
[B]indicatingthestateof.
[C]losingfaithin.
[D]doingharmto.
?
[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.
[B]NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.
[C]Modelarenolongerunderpeerpressure.
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[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

[A]settingahighagethresholdformodels.
[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels’character.
[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.
[D]pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.
?
[A]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry.
[B]JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty.
[C]ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance.
[D]AChallengetotheFashionIndustry’sBodyIdeals.
Text2

“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamily,
ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,
thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.
AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave
“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellers
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withspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hill’spressurelaterled
’tmakecountrysideanymore,and
.

Conservatives’planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,
evenauthorizing“off-plan”

,
sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreen
.
Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesand

enoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonarealone,withnointrusionongreenbet.
WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.
Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”
theneedformorehousesbut,asalways,,George
Osbornefavoursruralnew--of-town


?
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Developmentshouldbeplanned,,BritainisEurope’smost

ruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-
alternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,
thanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.
’spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside
[A]didn’tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.
[B]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.
[C]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.
[D]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.
,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbe
[A]graduallydestroyed.
[B]effectivelyreinforced.
[C]largelyovershadowed.
[D]properlyprotected.
?
[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.
[B]TheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building.
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[C]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.
[D]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.
’spreference
[A]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.
[B]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.
[C]stressesthenecessityfeasingthehousingcrisis.
[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.
,theauthorshowshisappreciationof\
[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain.
[B]thepoliticallifeintoday’sBritain.
[C]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.
[D]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.
Text3
“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,”WroteMiltonFriedman,aNobel
prize-winningeconomist,“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto
increaseitsprofit”.ButevenifyouacceptFiredman’spremiseandregardcorporatesocial
responsibility(CSR)policiesaswasteofshareholders’money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutely
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clear--atleastwhen
theyareprosecutedforcorruption.
ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearon
CSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,
,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompany’sproducts
,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany’sproductsasanindirect
,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,”
wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.
PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumerscanbe

underAmerica’sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonot
consumeacompany’sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlyby
thehaloeffect.
Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR

wasfirms’politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:
Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.
Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonits
merits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany’srecordinCSR.“Weestimatethateither
eliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporate
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givingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentfor
bridingforeignofficials,”saysoneresearcher.
Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinessesought
,rather
thantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-
havedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood
charactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.
’sstatementaboutCSRwith
[A]tolerance
[B]skepticism
[C]uncertainty
[D]approval
,CSRhelpsacompanyby
[A]winningtrustfromconsumers.
[B]guardingitagainstmalpractices.
[C]protectingitfrombeingdefamed.
[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts.
“morelenient”(Line2,)isclosestinmeaningto
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[A]moreeffective
[B]lesscontroversial
[C]lesssevere
[D]morelasting
,acompany’sCSRrecord
[A]has

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