有机化学01 lecture.ppt

有机化学01_lectureOrganic Chemistry
6th Edition
Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Chapter 1
Electronic Structure
and
Bonding
Acids and Bases
1
.
Carbon-containing compounds were once considered “organ compounds” available only from living organisms.
The synthesis of the simple organic compound urea in 1828 showed that organic compounds can be prepared in the laboratory from non-living material.
Today, organic natural products are routinely synthesized in the laboratory.
Organic Chemistry
2
.
Carbon neither gives up nor accepts electrons because it is in the center of the second periodic row.
Consequently, carbon forms bonds with other carbons and other atoms by sharing electrons.
The capacity of carbon to form bonds in this fashion makes it the building block of all living organisms.
Why Carbon?
3
.
Why Study Organic Chemistry?
Since carbon is the building block of all living organisms, a knowledge of Organic Chemistry is a prerequisite to understanding Biochemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, and Pharmacology.
Indeed, Organic Chemistry is a required course for studying Pharmacy, Medicine, and Dentistry.
Admission into these professional programs is highly dependent on your performance in Organic Chemistry.
4
.
Examples of Organic Compounds Used as Drugs
Methotrexate, Anticancer Drug
5-Fluorouracil, Colon Cancer Drug
Tamiflu, Influenza Drug
AZT, HIV Drug
5
.
Examples of Organic Compounds Used as Drugs
Haldol, Antipsychotic
Elavil, Antidepressant
Prozac, Antidepressant
Viagra, TreatsErectile Dysfunction
6
.
The Structure of an Atom
An atom consists of electrons, positively charged protons,
and neutral neutrons.
Electrons form chemical bonds.
Atomic number: numbers of protons in its nucleus
Mass number: the sum of the protons and neutrons of an atom
Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass
numbers.
The atomic weight: the average weighted mass of its atoms
Molecular weight: the sum of the atomic weights