2011下半年系统架构师试题分析与解答..pdf

ECTP -reFINE Position Paper (v. 2014 -12 - 1 8 ) 1 / 5 ECTP -reFINE Position Paper Position paper on Infrastructure topics within next H2020 Calls ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ ECTP -reFINE promotes boost ing up the support to innovation development and deployment in the Transport Infrastructures domain (and particularly in the fixed facilities domain). works transport people and goods and are fundamental lifelines of today’s society. Their operation condition and the quality of the service which they provide affect the competitiveness of European industry and the quali ty of life of European citizens: they support the development of smart and sustainable cities; they ensure efficient flows for all trading activities. At the same time, demographic changes, the necessary adaptation to climate change , increasing fossil energy costs, and the need to reduce impact of human activities on the environment create new and urgent requirements for our lifelines and human behaviour . In this context , the maintenance and rehabilitation of works, as well as the development of new low -carbon infrastructure networks ,are essential in order to meet the needs of European society, but it is clear that the associated costs will substantially exceed available public funding. A structured and well -planned R&I effort is therefore necessary to deliver better and stronger works for a sustainable mobility at affordable cost . It is often considered that transport prises the basic physical elements as well as the anisational structures, systems, processes and services needed for enabling the flow of passengers and freight from origin to destination, by road, rail, water and air. Transport infrastruc ture therefore includes fixed facilities (such as roadway segments, railway tracks, public transportation terminals, harbours, and airports), the infrastructure facing control and information systems , and the governance and management systems , struc