英语：句子结构--简单句.ppt

英语句子概论
·基本成分
·简单句
·附属成分
并列包
·独立成分
复合句
·省略成分
·连接成分
简单句的五种基本句型
主语+不及物动词(S+i)
主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O
主语+系动词十表(S+LV+ predicative)
主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+ Oindir+)
主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语
(S +Vt+o+O. compl)
There be/ stand/ lie /live
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、
宾和动词)、宾语及和语可以称为基本句子成分
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分
Noun/ Pronoun
The + ad
7-ing/Clause/Infinitive
基
A
宾语
主谓
noun
Vt
宾语(间)宾语(直ad,adv
语
宾语宾补
Infinitive
V-I
表语
V-ed
Noun/ pronoun
noun
The adi
pronoun
V-ing /Clause be/feel/seem/look
adj. / adv
infinitive
Infinitive
appear /stand /lie
become /get /grow/turn
-ing /v-ed
go/come/remain/keep
clause
taste/smell etc
etc
简单句基本句型实例
主语+不及物动词
She came. /My head aches
主语十及物动词+宾语
She likes english
主语+系动词+主语补语
She is happy.
主语十双宾动词十间接宾语+直接宾语
She gave john a book
She bought a book for me
主语十宾补动词+宾语十宾语补语
She makes her mother angry
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
There +be
There lies a book on the desk
简单句的基本句型
1主语+连系动词+表语
A表变化的: turn become get go fall grow
B表状态的 be seem appear
C表感官的: feel seem look sound taste smell
D表变化结果的: become come prove turn
E表状态持续的: stay keep remain continue
The cake tastes good
It comes easy after a time
---- How old is she?
he has just turned 40
The play prove to be good
fall ill/lame/silent/asleep
She turned teacher but her brother became a
doctor
2主语+不及物动词
· Tom died
reat changes have taken place
注意几个“发生”: happen take place
break out occur
3主语+及物动词+宾语
We study English.
We thought the plan over all the night
We are living a happy life
+及物动词+间宾+直宾
i gave him some money
e I gave some money to him
+及物动词+宾语+宾补
We think the job easy.(形容词做宾补)
We made him monitor.(名词做宾补)
The teacher asks us to read English more g动词不定式)
注意:省to
一感,二听,三让,四看,半帮助
The teacher lets\makes havel us read English more
We practise writing in English(动名词做宾补)
主谓宾结构
此结构为:主语+及物动词+宾语+其它成分。
及物动词( Transitive verb)后需跟有直接宾语,
它可以有一个或两个宾语或复合宾语,
作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、不定式