汉英翻译中常见错误分析.doc

1 汉英翻译中常见错误分析一、常见错误 1. 词汇方面(1) 望文生义“红”译为“ red ”,可是表示妒忌的“红眼”不可译为“ red-eyed ”,应译为“ green-eyed ”。有一篇报道中有这样一句话“这位著名的篮球队员是加拿大裔”,但这句话不能简单地译成“ This famous basket-baller isa canadian ”。因为所谓“加拿大裔”, 是指有加拿大的血缘, 但其国籍, 根据上下文,却应该是美国国籍,因此这句话应译为“ This famous basket-baller isa canadian American ”。(2) 目标语背景知识的缺乏在提到“亚洲四小龙”时,很多学生马上会联想到“ four dragons ”,孰不知“ dragon ”在英语中是指一种凶残的动物,是邪恶的象征,因此应翻译为“ four tigers ”。“笨得像猪”或者“睡得像猪”不能理解为“ as stupid asa pig ”或者“ sleep like a pig ”, 而要说“ as stupid asa donkey ”或者“ sleep like log ”。(3) 搭配不当汉语的“开”, 英语中往往翻译为“ open ”, 可是“开”这个词同时存在很多方面的含: 开门 open the window 开饭 serve a meal 开机器 operate a machine 开会 hold a meeting 开茶馆 run a teahouse 开车 drive a car 2. 句法结构方面(1 )句子成分残缺不全他有一个姐姐,是医生。原译: He has an elder sister isa doctor. 正确译文: He has an elder sister, who isa doctor. (2 )未使用或错误地使用体现逻辑关系的连接词“汉语重意合,英语重形合”。英语如此讲究逻辑,因此,许多在汉语中不言自明或者不言而喻的意思,放到英语语言环境下,都要用外在形式一一体现出来。(A )表示因果我已养成了遇事深思的****惯, 并找到了与不同学生友好相处的方法。原译:I have formed the habit of thinking problems through thoroughly and found a way to get on well with many different types of students. 改译:I have formed the habit of thinking problems through thoroughly. In addition, I have found a way to get on well with many different types of students. 2 连词“ and ”难以体现前后潜在的“因果”关系。介词短语“ in addition ”使前后两句的内在逻辑得以“外化”,两句彼此独立,句义鲜明。(B )表示转折玛丽不喜欢读书,她喜爱音乐和舞蹈,很会唱歌。原译: Mary isn ’t fond of study of any kind, she loves music and dancing and is good at sing