(完整版)核专业英语词汇.docx

一)核物理基本概念—:'=^.元素element国际单位制粒子particle千克离子ion伏特分子molecule摩尔原子atom库仑原子的atomic电子伏特原子核nucleus()兆电子伏特核的nuclear质量亏损质子proton结合能中子neutron动能电子electron势能核子nucleon跃迁化学性质chemicalidentity核力带正电的positivelycharged排斥带负电的negativelycharged吸引不带电的uncharged轰击电中性的electricallyneutral发射(出)(元素)pound钚上标superscript钍下标subscript锂氧oxygen钠氢,氕hydrogen核反应重氢,氘heavyhydrogen,deuterium链式反应重氢核,氘核deuterion辐射,射线超重氢,,机组unit静电的SystemInternational,SIkilogram(kg)volt(V)mole(mol)coulombelectron-volt(eV)megaelectron-volt(MeV)icenergypotential,potentialenergyjumpnuclearforcerepulsionattractionbombardmentemission(n.),emit(v.)icradiation二)放射性宇宙射线cosmicray反比于beinverselyproportionalto电离ionization根据经验asaruleofthumb韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(braking射线alpharayradiation)射线betaray辐射,icenergy散射scattering势能potential(energy)elerator铍beryllium放射性radioactivity氦helium湮灭annihilation相互作用interaction光电效应photoelectriceffect摄入ingest(三)核反应衰减attenuation反冲,反作用recoil放大amplification平均自由程meanfreepath镉cadmium转变,转化transmutation钴cobalt扩散diffusion氧oxygen中子扩散neutrondiffusion氮nitrogen斐克扩散定律Fick'rosssection半衰期half-rosssection热核反应堆thermonuclearreactor靶恩barn化合价valence四)核材料燃料fuel燃料芯块fuelpellet慢化剂moderator反应性reactivity冷却剂coolant升华sublime包壳cladding中子俘获截面neutroncapturecross控制棒controlrodsection硼酸boricacid散射截面scatteringcrosssection铬chromium辐照损伤radiationdamage铪hafnium肿胀swelling钆gadolinium燃耗burnup铟indium合金alloy镁magnesium镁诺克斯合金Magnox镍nickel锆合金zircaloy锆zirconium金属间化合物inter-pound硅silicon裂变产物fissionproduct重水heavywater裂变碎片fissionfragment石墨graphite腐蚀产物corrosionproduct碳化物carbide可燃毒物burnablepoison氧化物oxide冷轧coldpressing氧化oxidize烧结sintering二氧化物dioxide开裂crack二氧化碳carbondioxide蠕变creep碳氢化合物hydrocarbon增殖材料fertilematerial密度density增殖比breedingratio热导率,传热系数thermalconductivity浓缩铀enricheduranium比热specificheat高温气冷堆HighTemperature粘性viscosityGas-cooledReactor饱和saturation(HTGR)热力性质,热物性thermodynamicproperty(中子)通量展平flux-shaping五)核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustainingchain快中子fastneutr