虚拟语气.ppt

情况
从句
的动词
主句
的动词
例句
与现
在事
实相反
动词的过去式(be动词一律用were)
would/could/should/might +动词原形
If I had time,I would attend your party.
如果我有时间,我就去参加你的宴会了。
If I saw him now,I would be very happy.
如果我现在见到他,我会很高兴的。
与过
去事
实相反
had+过去
分词
would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
You didn’t let me we had driven in turn,you wouldn’t have got so tired.
你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开,你就不会觉得那么累了。
虚拟语气
与将来
事实
相反
动词的过去式;should+动词原形;were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we would take photos.
如果明天下雪,我们就照相。
注意: (1)若条件句中有were,had,should,可把if 省略,而把were,had,should 放在主语前,形成倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had you taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination
If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now.
(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致,此时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来,而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示,此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。
Without electricity(=If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today.
如果没有电,今天的生活就会完全不同。
But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助,那将会导致巨大的损失。
I was busy that I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。
1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job.
follow
followed follow
解析: 句意为:如果他(当时)接受我的建议,就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反,故采用过去完成时。
答案: C
2.(2011·厦门市质量检查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I ________late yesterday.
—Don’t mention it.
be be
have been have been
解析: 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用情态动词would+完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间,不然昨天我就迟到了。
答案: D
3.(2011·山东潍坊质检)________more careful,the mistake would not have been made.
he is he been
he be he has been
解析: 从主句中的would not have been made 可知,这是与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此从句谓语动词用had been 的形式,又因助动词为had时,可将if省掉,had提前,故B项正确。
答案: B
(1)在名词性从句中,常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有:advise 劝告,demand 要求,desire mand 命令,insist 坚持,prefer 宁愿