真菌的基本性状.ppt

Medical Microbiology
Department of Microbiology, HMU
Mycology
Dr. Hong-Xi Gu
Department of Microbiology
Harbin Medical University
第5章真菌的基本性状
问题
什么是真菌?包括哪些类型?
真菌的形态与结构
单细胞真菌多细胞真菌菌丝孢子
真菌的培养特性
菌落形态
繁殖方式
抵抗特性
Classification
Based on molecular evidence: base sequences from ribosomal RNA (Patterson & Sogin 1992)
Taxonomy
Kingdom: EUMYCOTA
Phylum: Dikaryomycota
Subphylum: Basidiomycotina
Class: Holobasidiomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species: Agaricus brunnescens
- the edible mushroom.
真菌(fungus)
真核细胞型微生物
主要特征
具有典型的细胞核及完善的细胞器,不含叶绿素(chlorophyll),无根、茎、叶的分化
以寄生或腐生方式生存,进行无性或有性繁殖
大多数为多细胞,少数为单细胞
There are between 100,000 to 200,000 species depending on how they are classified
About 300 species are presently known to be pathogenic for man
真菌界
粘菌门
真菌门
鞭毛菌亚门
接合菌亚门:条件致病菌
子囊菌亚门:毛癣菌、酵母菌
担子菌亚门:食用菌(蘑菇、灵芝),隐球菌
半知菌亚门:白色念球菌
最新分类把粘菌并入真菌门,取消粘菌门
Medically important fungi
Includes 4 phyla
ycota(子囊菌门)- Sexual reproduction in a sack called an ascus with the production of ascopspores.
Basidiomycota(担子菌门)-Sexual reproduction in a sack called a basidium with the production of basidiospores.
Zygomycota(接合菌门) - sexual reproduction by gametes and asexual reproduction with the formation of zygospores.
Mitosporic Fungi(Fungi Imperfecti,半知菌门) - no recognizable form of sexual reproduction. Includes most pathogenic fungi.
接合菌(Zygomycotina)