语言学名词解释.docx

该【语言学名词解释 】是由【花双韵芝】上传分享，beplayapp体育下载一共【9】页，该beplayapp体育下载可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【语言学名词解释 】的内容，可以使用beplayapp体育下载的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的beplayapp体育下载，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此beplayapp体育下载到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。Chapter1:::::Theidealuser’:::::Languageconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,withlowerleverofsound,whichismeaningless,::,:Phonologyphonicmedium::Thestudyofphonicmediumoflanguageanditisconcernedwithallsoundsintheworld’:Itstudiessoundsfromthespeaker ’spointofview,.:Thestudiessoundsfromthehearer ’spointofview,.:Itstudiesthewaysoundstravelbylookingatthesoundwaves,::::Theuseoflettersymbol,::icAlphabets,asystemofsymbolsconsistsoflettersanddiacritics,:::::::Thevowelwhichconsistsoftwoindividualvowels,::::::plementeachotherindistribution.’tminimalpair:::Theruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherbycopyingafeatureofasequentialphoneme,::urabovethelevelofthesegments----syllable,word,:Tonesarepitchvariations,:Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,:Morphologymorphology::Agroupofwords,whichcontainsanunlimitednumberofitems,:Arelativelyfewwords,includingconjunctions,prepositionsandpronouns,::aletteroragroupofletter,whichisaddedtoaword,andwhichchangesthemeaningorfunctionoftheword,includingprefix,:Theaffix,whichisaddedtotheendofaword,:Theaffix,whichisaddedtothebeginningofaword,:Morphemethatcannotbeusedalone,binedwitothers..–::Boundmorpheme,:Akindofmorpheme,whichareusedtomakegrammaticalcategories,suchasnumber,::Acombinationoftwoormorewords,whichfunctionsasasinglewordsinflection:themorphologicalprocesswhichadjustswordsbygrammaticalmodification,.inTherainscame,:Syntaxsyntax::Itreferstoagroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguagesuchasasentence,:syntacticunitsthatarebuiltaroundacertainwordcategoryarecalledphrase,::::::Theinformationaboutaword’:::theelements,::theelement,:aspecialtypeofrulethatcanmoveanelementfromonepositiontoanotherinversion:theprocessoftransformationthatmovestheauxiliaryfromtheInflpositiontoapositiontotheleftofthesubject,:Intheprocessofformingyes-noquestionthatdoesnotcontainanovertInfl,::Alevelofsyntacticrepresentationafterapplyingthenecessarysyntacticmovement,.,transformation,tothedeepstructure.(05)universalgrammar::Semanticssemantics::-:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,-:::synonymsthatdifferinstyle,:Synonymsthatdifferintheircolllocation,.,::Homonymyreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinspelling,:Whentwowordsareidenticalinbothsoundandspelling,:Hyponymyreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,:-hyponyms:Hyponymsofthesamesuperordinateareco-::,husband---wife,father---son,buy---sell,let---rent,above---:therelationshipbetweentwosentenceswherethetruthofoneisinferredfromthetruthoftheother..:Whataspeakerorwriterassumesthatthereceiverofthemassagealreadyknows..:Pragmaticspragmatics:::Themeaningofaself-containedunitwithabstractandde-:::ThetheoryproposedbyJohnAustinanddeepenedbySearle,:Constativesarestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,:Performativesaresentencesthatdon’stateafactordescribeastate,:Theactofconveyingliteralmeaningbyvirtueofsyntax,:Theactofexpressingthespeaker’::Statingordescribing,::Theprinciplethattheparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingtocooperateinmakingconversation,otherwise,::LanguageChangeacronyms::Theoriginalformofalanguagefamily,::LanguageAndSocietysociolinguistics:::::Avarietyoflanguageusedbypeople,::Aperson’bineselements,regardingregional,social,::AtheoryproposedbyAmericanlinguistHalliday,heregister,namely,fieldofdiscourse,:municativebehavior..tenorofdiscourse:Itreferstotheroleofrelationshipinthesituationinquestion:::munityornation,:,therearefivestagesofformality,namely,intimate,casual,consultative,:Ablendingofseverallanguage,developingasacontactlanguageofpeople,whospeakdifferentlanguages,::Theuseoftwodifferentlanguagessidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplay,urswhenthesituationchanges.(07C)diaglossia:Asociolinguisticsituationinwhichtwodifferentvarietiesoflanguageco-munity,:municationamonggroupsofpeople,whospeakdifferentnativelanguagesordialectscode-switching:::Itreferstothechild’ssmotheracquisitiontongue,(LAD):Ahypotheticalinnatemechanismeverynormalhumanchildisbelievedtobebornwith,::Aspecialspeechtochildrenusedbyadults,whichischaracterizedwithslowrateofspeed,highpitch,richintonation,shorterandsimplersentencestructures又叫childdirected