直接引语和间接引语语法讲解.doc

该【直接引语和间接引语语法讲解 】是由【莫比乌斯】上传分享，beplayapp体育下载一共【3】页，该beplayapp体育下载可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【直接引语和间接引语语法讲解 】的内容，可以使用beplayapp体育下载的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的beplayapp体育下载，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此beplayapp体育下载到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。、直接引语:直接引用别人的原话。具有以下特点:①直接引语通常置于引号内,不作任何改动。②没有时态呼应的问题。③引用原话前可以用逗号“,”,也可以用冒号“:”。④第二个引号前,亦即用重述的话之末,按其类别放一个句号(.)或问号(?)等。二、间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。间接引语具有以下特点:①不要逗号,冒号,引号。②要考虑人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一样的)。③要考虑时态的变化。④要考虑时间状语的变化,地点状语的变化和指示代词的变化。三、直接引语与间接引语的转换。㈠转述陈述句或感叹句,去冒号和引号连词用that(that,无词意,不作成分,口语中可省))接宾语从句,,从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化(时态为“主现从实,主过从相过”;人称/物主/反身等代词:引号内的第一人称改为与主句的主语相同的人称;第二人称改为第一人称;第三人称不变。)。例如:"YouspeakEnglishverywell.",“你英语讲得不错”。。㈡转述一般疑问句,去冒号和引号。连词用if/whether(有词意"是否",不作成分,不可省)接宾语从句,其后改用陈述句语序。从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。注意:①当助动词为do/does/did时,改为宾语从句时应去掉,而在谓语动词上体现时态,但如为don't/doesn't/didn't时,则不能去掉。②当连词为if/whether时,其前谓语动词say/says/said→ask/asks/asked,say/says/saidtosb→ask/asks/askedsb例如:Hesaid,"doyouhaveaknife?"→Heaskedif/,"HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?"他问,"你去过长城吗?"Heasked(me)if/whetherIhadeverbeentotheGreatWall?他问我是否去过长城?㈢转述特殊疑问句,去冒号和引号。用疑问词作连词(有词意,要作成分,不可省)引导宾语从句,改用陈述句语序,其后改用陈述句语序。从句中要作人称、时态等相应的变化。注意:①当助动词为do/does/did时,改为宾语从句时应去掉,而在谓语动词上体现时态,但如为don't/doesn't/didn't时,则不能去掉。②当连词为疑问词时,其前谓语动词say/says/said→ask/asks/asked,say/says/saidtosb→ask/asks/askedsb例如:LiLeisaid,"Whydidn'thegotoschool?"→LiLeiaskedwhyhedidn':"Whereareyoufrom?"她说:“你去哪里?”Sheasked(me)。㈣转述祈使句或疑问形式的祈使句,通常改为"Sbask/asks/asked/tell/tells/told/order/orders/ordered+宾语+不定式"的简单句。ask表"请求",tell表“吩咐”,order表“命令”例如:"Openthedoor.":“把门打开”。。"Wouldyoupleaseshowmethebook?":"你能把书递给我吗?"。四、直接引语变间接引语不仅有人称、时态的变化,有时还要把物主代词、指示代词,时间状语、地点状语作相应的变化。变化列表如下:①动词的时态:(时态为“主现从实,主过从相过”)引语前或后的主句谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词作如下调整:一般现在时→一般过去时 一般过去时→过去完成时/一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时过去完成时→过去完成时注意:时态不变的情况:学****好资料欢迎下载学****好资料欢迎下载学****好资料欢迎下载⒈当直接引语表示真理或经常性的特点时,保持原来的一般现在时。例如:Shesaid,"Theearthisround."她说:“地球是圆的”。。⒉当直接引语中有绝对具体的一般过去时间作状语时,保持原来的一般过去时。例如:Hesaid,“Ijoinedthearmyin1934.”他说:“我是1934年参军的”。。②人称/物主/反身等代词:引号内的第一人称改为与主句的主语相同的人称;第二人称改为第一人称;第三人称不变。③指示代词:this/these改为that/those.④时间状语:now→then,today→thatday,tonight→thatnight,tomorrow→thenextday,nextweek→thenextweek,lastnight→thenightbefore,yesterday→thedaybefore,thedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysago,ago→before.⑤地点状语:here改为there⑥e,bring分别改为go,take三、直接引语改为间接引语(宾语从句)的注意事项:1、当直接引语为客观真理时,从句的时态不变,与主句无关。Theteachertells/toldus,"Themoonmovesroundtheearth."→Theteachertells/toldusthatthemoonmovesroundtheearth2、当助动词为do/does/did时,改为宾语从句时应去掉,而在谓语动词上体现时态,但如为don't/doesn't/didn't时,则不能去掉。Heasked,"doyouhaveaknife?"→Heaskedif/,"Whydidn'thegotoschool?"→LiLeiaskedwhyhedidn'、当疑问词作主语及其定语时,改为宾语从句后其后的语序不变。Who'sonduty?What'sinthebox?What'swrong/thematter/troublewith...?Whathappenedto...?Whichisthewayto...?WhosedaughterisAnn?WhichboyisBill?Howmanyofyougotoschoolbybike?4、当连词为if/whether及疑问词作连词时,其前谓语动词say/says/said→ask/asks/asked,say/says/saidtosb→ask/asks/askedsbHesaystoyou,"Canyouflyakite?"→Heasksyouif/、如果主句为Could/Wouldyoutellme时,不表过去时态,而是语气较Can/Willyoutellme更委婉的表达方式。因此从句时态不变。(直接引语中的二人称不变)Couldyoutellme?Areyouateacher?→Couldyoutellmeif/、直接引语中,有any,anything,anybody,anyone时,改为宾语从句后,不能改为some及其合成词。Doyouknow?Doesanyonelivehere?→Doyouknowif/whetheranyoneliveshere?7、if与whether的区别在以下情况中只用whether不用if.①放在句前时:Idon'tknowwhether/e.=e,Idon'tknow.②与ornot连用时:"DoyoulikeEnglishornot?"Heasked.→HeaskedWhetherIlikedEnglishornot.③与todo连用时:Hewantstoknowwhether/ifwewillgo.=Hewantstoknowwhethertogo.④做介词的宾语时:HethinksaboutwhetherhewasborninChina.⑤从句中有两种选择时:、if/when引导宾语从句及状语从句的区别:学****好资料欢迎下载学****好资料欢迎下载学****好资料欢迎下载Iwanttoknowif/e).If/e),I_________(tell)you.(=I_________(tell)youif/e).)9、选择连词填空时⑴缺什么选什么:缺时间选→when/whattime缺地点选→where,缺定语选→which/whose/howmuch/howmany/whatclass/grade,缺状语选→how/howoften/howsoon/howlong,缺人选→who/whom⑵不缺的则选that或if/whether,动词为say/saytosb/tellsb则选→that(整个句子表达陈述语气时);动词为ask/asksb则选→if/whether(整个句子表达疑问语气时)10、当直接引语为祈使句时,改为复合宾语,句型为:Sbtell/ask/ordersb(not)todostheg:JimaskedLiLei,"Cleanthefloortwiceaweek."→"Don'ttalkinclass."→Theteachertold/asked/orderedthestudents(LiLei),从句不用否定式,如果要用,常转移到主句的谓语动词。Ithink...Heisn'tahero.→Idon''tcomeintime.(Isuppose)→Idon',变为间接引语时与一般疑问句一样,在从句前加连词if或whether"Youhaven'tfinishedthehomework,haven'tyou?"Mymotherasked.→Mymotheraskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyouhavelunchathomeoratschool?"Heasked.→Heaskedmeif/"Let's.../Letus..."开头的祈使句变为间接引语时,通常用"suggest+动名词/从句(...should)"Hesaid,"Let'sgotoseethefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtoseethefilm.→,转变为间接引语可把感叹句视为陈述句,即用say+that从句。Alicesaid,"HowfastTomruns!"→AlicesaidthatTomranveryfast."Whatanicewatchitis!"Marysaid.→Marysaidthatitwasaverynicewatch.